Earlier this year, a young schoolboy was verbally harassed and then attacked on an Auckland bus.
Out of over 10 people on the bus, only one intervened once the attack turned physical, a 75-year-old man
Would you have stepped in? And if not, why not? This is called the 'bystander effect'.
So why is it that we hold back in these situations? And can we expect to be supported should we be attacked in public?
Kirsten Tilleman is a PhD student at the Faculty of Engineering, Waipapa Taumata Rau/University of Auckland - and joins Emile Donovan.