It's nearing the end of the school year, and many students will be excitedly thinking about heading off to university next year.
But at least one lecturer awaits their arrival with trepidation.
University of Canterbury lecturer Mike Grimshaw says students are turning up to university unable to think for themselves.
The associate professor of sociology says many also struggle with reading and writing describing them as "functionally illiterate".
He joins Emile Donovan to discuss.