Trump suggests delay to 2020 US election

Donald Trump has suggested November's presidential election be postponed, saying increased postal voting could lead to fraud and inaccurate results.

He floated a delay until people could "properly, securely and safely" vote.

There is little evidence to support Trump's claims but he has long railed against mail-in voting which he has said would be susceptible to fraud.

US states want to make postal voting easier due to public health concerns over the coronavirus pandemic.

Under the US constitution, Trump does not have the authority to postpone the election himself. Any delay would have to be approved by Congress. The president does not have direct power over the two houses

What did Trump say?

In a series of tweets, Trump said "universal mail-in voting" would make November's vote the "most inaccurate and fraudulent election in history" and a "great embarrassment to the USA".

With Universal Mail-In Voting (not Absentee Voting, which is good), 2020 will be the most INACCURATE & FRAUDULENT Election in history. It will be a great embarrassment to the USA. Delay the Election until people can properly, securely and safely vote???

— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) July 30, 2020

He suggested - without providing evidence - that mail-in voting, as it is known in the US, would be susceptible to foreign interference.

"The [Democrats] talk of foreign influence in voting, but they know that Mail-In Voting is an easy way for foreign countries to enter the race," he said.

Trump also said postal voting was "already proving to be a catastrophic disaster" in areas where it was being tried out.

In June, New York allowed voters to vote by post in the Democratic primary poll for the party's presidential candidate. But there have been long delays in counting the ballots and the results are still unknown.

US media report that there are also concerns that many ballots will not be counted because they were not filled in correctly or do not have postmarks on them that show they were sent before voting officially ended.

However, several other states have long conducted votes by post.

What reaction has there been?

Quizzed by reporters on whether a president could delay the election, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said he would not "enter a legal judgement on the fly". When pressed, he said the justice department would "make that legal determination", adding "we want an election that everyone is confident in".

Ellen Weintraub, chairwoman of the US Federal Election Commission, said Trump did not have the power to move the election - and added: "Nor should it be moved." She called for more funding for states to be able to run "the safe and secure elections all Americans want".

Numerous Republicans - including Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and House of Representatives Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy - also dismissed the idea.

"Never in the history of the federal elections have we ever not held an election and we should go forward with our election," McCarthy said. Trump ally Senator Lindsay Graham meanwhile said a delay was "not a good idea".

Democrats have also been lining up to condemn Trump's suggestion. New Mexico Senator Tom Udall said there was "no way" the president could delay the election.

"But the fact that he is even suggesting it is a serious, chilling attack on the democratic process. All members of Congress - and the administration - should speak out," he said.

However Chris Stewart, a Republican congressman from Utah, said that while he did not support delaying the election, Trump had a legitimate point about postal voting being hard to monitor.

"Can you ensure the accuracy of mail-in voting? Now in some states you can. In my state in Utah, for example, we've been doing it for quite a while, but we're a small state with a relatively small population. It's harder to do on a national scale," he told the BBC.

Who can change the election date?

President Trump does not have the authority to move the date of the election, which is usually held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

Any change of date would need to be approved by the two houses of Congress - the House of Representatives and the Senate. Democrats control the House of Representatives and some have already said they will not support any delay to the vote.

Any move by Congress to delay the election into 2021 would also require a constitutional amendment, US media quoted constitutional experts as saying. The amendment would be needed to change the dates for swearing in members of Congress and the new presidential administration, according to NPR.

Finally, legal experts quoted by NBC said that even if Congress did agree to delay the election, Trump's own term as president would still expire by 20 January 2021 under the constitution's 20th Amendment.

Congressional power

Article II of the Constitution gives Congress the power to set the date of the presidential election.

Since 1845, that day has been every four years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, which in 2020 is 3 November.

Even if Trump declared a state of emergency due to the coronavirus, he would not be permitted to change the day, legal experts said.

"President Trump has absolutely no legal authority to delay the election," said Joshua Douglas, a professor at the University of Kentucky and an election law expert.

Douglas noted that every presidential election since 1845 has gone forward as scheduled, even in the midst of wars and pandemics.

Congress could technically extend the ability to postpone an election to the executive, according to a 2004 Congressional Research Service report.

However, given that Democrats currently control the House of Representatives, it is virtually certain that Congress would not entertain any sort of postponement.

Any delay in the election could also require Congress to postpone other deadlines, including 14 December, when the Electoral College - the electors from each state whose votes technically determine the presidential winner - must submit its ballots. By law, Congress must also gather on 6 January at 1pm to count the electoral votes and formally declare a winner.

Those dates are set out in the US Code, a compilation of federal law.

Delay could only be temporary

Even if Congress decided to delay the election, Trump's presidential term would still end at noon on 20 January 2021, a date that is set in the Constitution's 20th Amendment.

Only another amendment, which requires a super majority of two-thirds approval in both chambers of Congress as well as ratification by at least 38 US states, can alter that date.

If there were no winner of the presidential election by 20 January, the Constitution dictates that the Speaker of the House - currently Democrat Nancy Pelosi - would become acting president until a successor was confirmed.

Which states are holding postal votes?

Earlier this month, six US states were planning to hold "all-mail" ballot elections in November: California, Utah, Hawaii, Colorado, Oregon and Washington. Other states are considering it, according to a postal voting campaign group.

These states will automatically send postal ballots to all registered voters, which then have to be sent back or dropped off on election day - although some in-person voting is still available in certain limited circumstances.

About half of US states allow any registered voter to cast their ballot by post on request.

Critics of postal voting argue that people could vote more than once via absentee ballots and in person. Trump has in the past said there was a risk of "thousands and thousands of people sitting in somebody's living room, signing ballots all over the place".

However, there is no evidence of widespread fraud, according to numerous nationwide and state-level studies over the years.

- BBC / Reuters