Kanak pro-independence leader Christian Tein, head of the CCAT (Cellule de Coordination des Actions de Terrain), poses prior a press conference in Montpellier, Southern France, on June 18, 2025. On June 12, 2025, a French court freed independence leader Christian Tein, from the overseas territory of New Caledonia, who had been detained for a year over deadly riots in 2024. Christian Tein, who hails from from the indigenous Kanak group, was charged and incarcerated over the rioting on the Pacific archipelago in May last year that left more than a dozen dead. He has been held in custody in eastern France since June 2024 but has always denied accusations of instigating the violence and sees himself as a political prisoner. Photo: GABRIEL BOUYS/AFP
A Paris appeal court has confirmed that Kanak pro-independence leader Christian Téin's is now cleared to return to New Caledonia.
In September, a panel of judges had pronounced they were in favour of Téin's return to New Caledonia, but the Public Prosecution then appealed, suspending his return.
However, in a ruling delivered on Thursday, the Paris Appeal Court confirmed the Kanak leader is now free to travel back to the French Pacific territory.
In June 2024, at the height of violent riots, Téin and other pro-independence leaders were arrested in Nouméa and swiftly flown to mainland France aboard a specially-chartered plane.
They were allegedly suspected of playing a key role in the riots that broke out mid-May 2024 and were later indicted with criminally-related charges.
The charges for which Téin remains under judicial supervision include theft and destruction of property involving the use of weapons.
His pre-trial conditions had been eased in June 2025, when he was released from the Mulhouse (Eastern France) jail, but he was not allowed to return to New Caledonia at the time.
Kanak pro-independence leader Christian Tein (C), head of the CCAT (Cellule de Coordination des Actions de Terrain), attends a press conference flanked by his lawyers François Roux (L) and Florian Medico (R) in Montpellier, Southern France, on June 18, 2025. On June 12, 2025, a French court freed independence leader Christian Tein, from the overseas territory of New Caledonia, who had been detained for a year over deadly riots in 2024. Christian Tein, who hails from from the indigenous Kanak group, was charged and incarcerated over the rioting on the Pacific archipelago in May last year that left more than a dozen dead. He has been held in custody in eastern France since June 2024 but has always denied accusations of instigating the violence and sees himself as a political prisoner. Photo: GABRIEL BOUYS/AFP
Téin's lawyers react to the decision
Téin's lawyers said on Thursday they were "satisfied and relieved".
"This time, Téin is allowed to go back to his land after eighteen months of being deprived (of freedom)", one of Téin's counsels Florian Medico told French national media.
One main argument from the Public Prosecution was that under the post-riots circumstances and in a "fragile" context, Téin's return to New Caledonia was not safe.
Public Prosecutor Christine Forey also invoked the fact that an investigation in this case was still ongoing for a trial at a yet undetermined date.
Previous restrictions imposed on Téin (such as not interfering with other persons related to the same case) were also lifted.
The ruling also concerns four other defendants, all pro-independence leaders.
Case not closed yet
"It's now up to the investigating judges, in a few months' time, to decide whether to rule on a lack of evidence, or to bring the indicted persons before a Court to be judged ... But this won't happen before early 2026", lawyer François Roux told reporters on Thursday.
Téin is the leader of a CCAT "field action co-ordinating cell" set-up by one of the main pro-independence parties in New Caledonia - the Union Calédonienne (UC).
Although jailed at the time in mainland France to serve a pre-trial term, he was designated, in absentia, President of the main pro-independence umbrella, the FLNKS, during a Congress in August 2024.
However, during the same Congress, two other pillars of the FLNKS, the moderate pro-independence UPM (Union Progressiste en Mélanésie) and PALIKA (Kanak Liberation Party), distanced themselves and de facto split from the UC-dominated FLNKS.
The two parties have since kept away from FLNKS's political bureau meetings.
Meanwhile, in January 2025, the case was transferred from a panel of judges in Nouméa to another group of magistrates based in Paris.
They ruled on 12 June that, while Téin and five other pro-independent militants should be released from custody, they were not allowed to return to New Caledonia or interfere with other persons associated with the same case.
But in a ruling delivered in Paris on 23 September, the new panel of judges ruled Téin was now allowed to return to New Caledonia.
The ruling was based on the fact that since he was no longer kept in custody and even though he had expressed himself publicly and politically, Téin had not incited or called for violent actions.
He still faces charges related to organised crime for events that took place during the New Caledonia riots starting from 13 May 2024, following a series of demonstrations and marches that later degenerated, resulting in 14 dead and over €2 billion in material damages.
The 2024 marches were to protest against a plan from the French government of the time to modify the French Constitution and "unfreeze" the restrictions on the list of eligible voters at local provincial elections.
The indigenous pro-independence movement say these changes would effectively "dilute" the Kanak indigenous vote and gradually bring it closer to a minority.
Back in New Caledonia, the prospect of Téin's return has sparked reactions.
Outrage on the pro-France side
On the pro-France side, most parties who oppose independence and support the notion that New Caledonia should remain part of France have reacted indignantly to the prospect of Téin's return.
The uproar included, earlier this month, reactions from outspoken leaders Nicolas Metzdorf and Sonia Backès, who insist that Téin's return to New Caledonia could cause more unrest.
Le Rassemblement-LR leader Virginie Ruffenach also reacted saying she wondered whether "the judges do realise the gravity of their ruling".
"We're opposed to this... it's like bringing back a pyromaniac to New Caledonia's field of ashes while we're trying to rebuild", she told local media.
French gendarme officers guard the entrance of the Vallee-du-Tir district, in Nouméa on 14 May, 2024, amid protests and unrest. Photo: AFP/ Theo Rouby
Meanwhile, a "non-political" petition has been published online to express "firm opposition" to Téin's return to New Caledonia "in the current circumstances" because of the "risks involved" in terms of civil peace in a "fragile" social and economic context after the May 2024 riots.
Since 30 September 2025, the online petition has collected over 10,000 signatures from people who describe themselves as a "Citizens Collective Against the Return of Christian Téin."
"Immense relief": FLNKS
Reacting on Friday on social networks, the FLNKS hailed the appeal ruling, saying this was "an immense relief for their families, loved ones and the whole pro-independence movement."
"The struggle doesn't stop, it goes on, even stronger", the FLNKS says, referring to the current parliamentary battle in Paris to implement the "Bougival" agreement signed in July 2025, which FLNKS rejects.
Within the pro-independence movement, a rift within FLNKS has become increasingly apparent during recent negotiations on New Caledonia's political future, held in Bougival (West of Paris), which led to the signature, on 12 July 2025, of a text that posed a roadmap for the French territory's future status.
It mentions the creation of a "State of New Caledonia", a short-term transfer of powers from Paris, including in foreign affairs matters and the dual French-New Caledonian nationality.
But while UPM and PALIKA delegates signed the text with all the other political tendencies, the UC-dominated FLNKS said a few days after the signing that the Bougival deal was rejected "in block" because it did not meet the party's expectations in terms of full sovereignty.
Their negotiators' signatures were then deemed as invalid because, the party said, they did not have the mandate to sign.
In a letter to French Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu, and copied to French President Emmanuel Macron and Speakers of both Houses of Parliament, early October 2025, the FLNKS reiterated that they had "formally withdrawn" their signatures from the Bougival deal and that therefore these signatures should not be "used abusively".
However, despite a spate of instability that saw a succession of two French governments over the past two weeks, the implementation of the Bougival deal continues.
In the latest cabinet this week, the French Minister for Overseas, Manuel Valls, is now replaced by Naïma Moutchou.
France’s newly-appointed Minister for Overseas Naïma Moutchou Photo: Assemblée Nationale
On Wednesday this week, the French Senate endorsed the postponement of New Caledonia's provincial elections to June 2026.
The same piece of legislation will be tabled before the Lower house, the French National Assembly, on 22 October.
In a media conference on Wednesday, Union Calédonienne (UC), the main component of FLNKS, warned against the risks associated with yet another "passage en force".
"This is a message of alert, an appeal to good sense, not a threat", UC Secretary General Dominique Fochi added.
"If this passage en force happens, we really don't know what is going to happen," Fochi said.
"The Bougival agreement allows a path to reconciliation. It must be transcribed into the Constitution", Lecornu told the National Assembly this week.
Also speaking in parliament for the first time since she was appointed Minister for Overseas, Naïma Moutchou assured that in her new capacity, she would be there "to listen" and "to act".
This, she said, included trying to re-engage FLNKS into fresh talks, with the possibility of bringing some amendments to the much-contested Bougival text.
