View of the logo of COP30 UN Climate Change Conference, in Belem, Para state, Brazil, taken on 6 November 2025. Photo: AFP / Ludovic Marin
Pacific nations head to the world's biggest climate talks making the familiar plea to keep global warming under 1.5C to stay alive, as scientists say the world will now certainly surpass the limit, at least temporarily.
At the opening of the COP30 climate summit in Belém Brazil, United Nations secretary-general Antonio Guterres made the same call that Pacific nations have for years.
"Let us be clear, the 1.5-degree limit is a red line for humanity. It must be kept within reach and scientists also tell us that this is still possible," Guterres said.
"If we act now at speed and scale, we can make the overshoot as small, as short and as safe as possible."
The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) confirmed in its State of the Climate update that greenhouse gas emissions, which are heating the planet, have risen to a record high, with 2025 being on track to be the second or third warmest year on record.
"It will be virtually impossible to limit global warming to 1.5C in the next few years without temporarily overshooting this target," WMO secretary-general Celeste Saulo said.
"But the science is equally clear that it's still entirely possible and essential to bring temperatures back down to 1.5C by the end of the century."
Pacific Network on Globalisation (PANG) climate justice campaigner India Logan-Riley said the world is now in "deeply unstable territory" with the "very existence" of some Pacific communities now at risk.
COP31 - a Pacific COP?
As this COP starts, there is still uncertainty over where COP31 in 2026 will be hosted.
Both Australia - in conjunction with the Pacific - and Türkiye have bid to host the event.
Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has written twice to his counterpart looking for a compromise to break the deadlock.
Palau's President Surangel Whipps Jr, who is in Belém, said it was important for Australia to be successful in its bid.
"We're here in Brazil and the Amazon, and the focus next year needs to be a 'Blue COP', we need to focus on the oceans," Whipps said.
"One of the things I always tell people is, in some countries they only face droughts, or they may face a storm but in the Pacific we suffer from all of them; sea-level rise, storms, droughts, extreme heat.
"Other people, they can't relate or they think it may be unreal."
One of those people, United States President Donald Trump, told the UN last month the climate crisis is "the greatest con job ever perpetrated on the world".
Palau has a particularly close relationship with the US as one of the Compact of Free Association (COFA) nations. The agreement gives the US military access to Palau, which in return is given financial assistance and for Palauans the right to work in the US.
Whipps said Trump's comments are unfortunate, and more reason for COP to come to the Pacific.
"I would invite President Trump to come to the Pacific. He should visit Tuvalu, and he should visit Kiribati and Marshall Islands."
Palau's President Surangel Whipps Jr, who is in Belém, sais the renewable energy transition "gives us energy independence". Photo: UN Photo
100% renewable Pacific
The Pacific is aiming to be the first region in the world to be completely reliant on renewable energy, a campaign which being led by Whipps.
"Leading the energy transition not only helps the planet by reducing our carbon footprint, but also gives us energy independence, [it] allows us to create jobs locally, and it keeps the money circulating."
Whipps wants Palau to be running completely off renewable energy by 2032.
Meanwhile, the UN emissions gap report shows the world is on track for 2.3C to 2.5C global warming, if nations stick to Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
However, it is an improvement from last year's reportm which predicted 2.6C to 2.8C of warming.
Pacific Islands Climate Action Network (PICAN) policy advisor Sindra Sharma said the report laid bare the fact that global ambition is nowhere near where it needs to be.
"[The new forecast] still is quite unacceptable for vulnerable communities and small island states in particular, because we'll feel the effects the fastest with crossing anywhere beyond 1.5 even 1.51 it's going to have significant implications.
"We've always had all the solutions to be able to do so and it's just a lack of political will. It's a choice that's being made consistently and that choice is going to affect every single one on this earth."
Sharma is hopeful there will be positive outcomes at this year's COP, despite ongoing geopolitical tensions, which are in part driven by it being hosted close to the Amazon Rainforest - often referred to as the lungs of the earth - and marking 10 years since the Paris Agreement was signed.
It is also the first time Pacific nations have confirmation from the world's top court that failing to protect people from the effects of climate change could violate international law.
"The advisory opinion that we have now is the first time that we're going into COP with this kind of legal clarity and the legal clarity is telling us that there's due diligence in terms of limiting warming to 1.5C."
